Protection Against Corrosion.
Corrosion causes continuous dissolution of metal into the soil.Therefore,it is necessary to protect the earthing electrodes.The methods available for protection areCorrosion resistant metallic...
View ArticleVoltage Stability.
Voltage stability can be classified into three categories and definitions are analogous to power system stability definitions. A power system in a given operating state is small disturbance voltage...
View ArticleRotor Angle Stability And Voltage Stability.
The rotor angle stability and voltage stability problems are to some extent,interlinked but in many aspects quite different also.Rotor angle stability is basically generator stability while voltage...
View ArticleMechanically Switched Shunt Capacitors and Reactors.
Mechanically switched shunt capacitors and reactors are used in substations to provide voltage stability.The switching is done by circuit breakers which are actuated by voltage relays.When voltage...
View ArticleSteam power station.
A steam power station basically works on the Rankine cycle.Steam is produced in the boiler by utilizing the heat of coal combustion.The steam is then expanded in the prime mover and is condensed in a...
View ArticleGenerating Stations.
Bulk electric power is produced by special plants known as generating stations or power plants.A generating station essentially employs a prime mover coupled to an alternator for the production of...
View ArticleAdvantage and Disadvantage of Steam Power Station.
Advantages The fuel used is quite cheap. Less initial cost as compared to other generating stations. It can be installed at any place irrespective of the existence of coal.The coal can be transported...
View ArticleChoice of Site for Steam Power Station.
Supply of fuel: The steam power station should be located near the coal mines so that transportation cost of fuel is minimum.However,if such a plant is to be installed at a place where coal is not...
View ArticleHydro-electric Power Station.
A generating station which utilizes the potential energy of water at a high level for the generation of electrical energy is known as a hydro-electric power station. Hydro-electric power stations are...
View ArticleGas Turbine Power Plant.
A generating station which employs gas turbine as the prime mover for the generation of electrical energy is known as a gas turbine power plant. In a gas turbine power plant,air is used as the working...
View ArticleAdvantage and Disadvantage of Gas tubine Power Plant.
Advantages It is simple in design as compared to steam power station since no boilers and their auxiliaries are required. It is much smaller in size as compared to steam power station of the same...
View ArticleTypes of Loads.
Domestic load:Domestic load consists of lights,fans,refrigerators,heaters,television,small motors for pumping water etc.Most of residential load occurs only for some hours during the day. Commercial...
View ArticleFixed Cost Of Electrical Energy.
The fixed cost is due to the annual cost of central organization,interest on capital of cost land and salaries of high officials.The annual expenditure of the central organization and salaries of high...
View ArticleSemi-Fixed Cost.
It is the cost which depends upon maximum demand but is independent of units generated.The semi-fixed cost is directly proportional to maximum demand on the power station and is on account of annual...
View ArticleRunning Cost.
It is the cost which depends only upon the number of units generated.The running cost is on account of annual cost of fuel,lubricating oil,maintenance,repairs and salaries of operating staff.Since...
View ArticleMethods of Determining Depreciation.
There is reduction in the value of the equipment and other property of the plant every year due to depreciation.Therefore,a suitable amount must be set aside annually so that by the time the life span...
View ArticleCauses of Low Power factor.
Low power factor is undesirable from economic point of view.Normally,the power factor of the whole load on the supply system in lower than 0.8.The following are the causes of low power factor: Most...
View ArticleStatic Capacitor
The power factor can be improved by connecting capacitors in parallel with the equipment operating at lagging power factor.The capacitor known as static draws a leading current and partly or completely...
View ArticlePhase Advancers.
Phase advancers are used to improve the power factor of induction motors.The low power factor of an induction motor is due to the fact that its static winding draws exciting current which lags behind...
View ArticleImportance Of Power Factor Improvement.
For consumers: A consumer has to pay electricity charges for his maximum demand in KVA plus the units consumed.If the consumer improves the power factor,then there is reduction in his maximum KVA...
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